Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis
Viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in Iran, causing significant morbidity and mortality in the population. These infections, especially hepatitis B and C, can lead to chronic liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver cancer if not detected and treated in a timely manner. In light of the significant public health impact of viral hepatitis, it is important to discuss the epidemiologic situation and prevention measures in Iran based on current data.
Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Iran
Iran is an endemic area for hepatitis B and C. The country is facing a high prevalence of these infections, which poses serious challenges to the health care system. According to the latest data provided by the Iranian Ministry of Health, approximately 2 million people in the country are infected with the hepatitis B virus and about 500,000 people are infected with the hepatitis C virus.
The main routes of transmission of viral hepatitis in Iran are vertical transmission (mother-to-child), hematogenous transmission (through contaminated blood or blood products) and sexual transmission. Along with this, illicit injecting drug use also plays a significant role in the spread of viral hepatitis among the population.
Prevention measures for viral hepatitis in Iran
A number of preventive measures have been taken to combat the viral hepatitis epidemic in Iran:
- Hepatitis B vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccination is part of the national immunization program in Iran and is available free of charge for all newborns and children over 6 years of age;
- Conducting screening programs. The Iranian Ministry of Health regularly conducts screening programs to identify individuals at high risk of viral hepatitis infection, such as pregnant women, health care workers, and drug addicts;
- Educational campaigns. Conducting educational campaigns among the public on how to prevent viral hepatitis, including information on safe sexual practices and the need to avoid injecting drug use;
Quality control of blood and blood products. Implement strict quality control measures for blood and blood products in health facilities and blood banks to prevent hematogenous transmission of viral hepatitis.
Conclusion
The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Iran remains a serious public health problem, but with appropriate preventive measures, its prevalence can be significantly reduced and the development of complications can be prevented. Vaccination, screening programs, educational campaigns and blood quality control play a key role in viral hepatitis control.
